-instruction that is presented in small pieces, or frames (Chunking)

-goals of instruction are stated in a way that can be observed or demonstrated (Terminal Behavior)

-responses are required for each frame (Active responding)

-instruction begins with previous knowledge, is presented in chunks and builds step by step to reach the terminal behavior (Shaping)

-each frame must be completed correctly to move to the next frame and the next frame is shown immediately after a correct response (Immediate Reinforcement)